Work bench, scaffold and lift combination



Feb. 22, 1966 M, GREEN WORK BENCH, scAFFoLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed May 29, 1963 16 Sheets-Sheet 1 A44/@Tw eEEA/ I N VEN TOR. Bm/@M 16 Sheets-Sheet 2 M. GREEN WORK BENCH, SGAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed May 29, 1963 Feb. 22, 1966 Feb. 22, 1966 M. GREEN 3,236,331

WORK BENCH, SCAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed May 29, 1963 16 Sheets-Sheet 5 ,4T TOE/VE Y 22 l Feb 966 M. GREEN WORK BENCH, SGAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION 16 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 29, 1965 MART/N GEEEA/ INVENTOR.

Feb. 22, M GREEN WORK BENCH, SGAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed May 29, 1963 16 Sheets-Sheet 5 /mz/A/ EE/V INVENTOR Feb. 22, 1966 M. GREEN woax BENCH, scAFFoLD AND LIFT COMBINATION fFiled May 29, 196:5

16 Sheets-Sheet 6 Feb. 22, 1966 M. GREEN 3,236,331

WORK BENCH, SCAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed May 29, 1963 16 Sheets-Sheet 7 y STOP Q STDP Q 570,0 Q STOP Q af@ LQ@ A//Aem/ 6325EA/ 1NVENT0R.

Feb. 22, 1966 M GREEN 3,236,331

WORK BENCH, SCAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed May 29. 1963 16 Sheets-Sheet 8 r" C) C) C) C) :M t3-l l STOP Q STOP STOP /f//AAPT/N GREEN 1NVENT0R.

TTOP/VEV Feb. 22, 1966 M. GREEN WORX BENCH, SCAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed May 29, 196s 1s sheets-sheet 9 @e @ZM Feb. 22, 1966 M. GREEN WORK BENCH. SCAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION med May 29, 196s 16 Sheets-Sheet 10 IN VEN TOR.

-lllll n qu TTQQA/EY Feb. 22, 1966 M. GREEN WORK BENCH, SCAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION 16 Sheets-Sheet 11 .Filed May 29, 1963 Arroz/MEV Feb. 22, 1966 M. GREEN WORK BENCH, SCAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION 16 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed May 29, 1963 MART/N 5255A/ INVENTOR.

Feb. 22, 1966 M GREEN WORK BENCH. SGAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION 16 Sheets-Sheet 15 Filed May 29, 1963 Feb. 22, 1966 M. GREEN WORK BENCH, SCAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed may 29, 1963 16 Sheets-Sheet 14.

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hb. 22, 1966 M GREEN WORK BENCH. SCAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed May 29, 1963 16 Sheets-Sheet 15 /l//ZWN 6255A/ INVENTOR,

TTUEA/EY Feb. 22, 1966 M' GREEN 3,236,331

WORK BENCH, SGAFFOLD AND LIFT COMBINATION Filed May 29, 1963 16 Sheets-Sheet 16 4 r Tae/VE Y United States Patent O 3,236,331 WRK BENCH, SCAFFLD ANI) LIFT COMBINATION Martin Green, Mahwah, NJ., assigner of one-half to .lohn Cornelia, Jr., Wayne, NJ. Filed May 29, 1963, Ser. No. 284,127 S Claims. (Cl. 182-144) The present invention relates to a scaffold, and more particularly to a scaffold which has wide application in the construction of buildings, tunnels, painting, and other similar work projects where scaffolds are used.

The scaffolds of the prior art had no heavy lifting arrangement. The scadold was built to a certain height and planks were extended over the top and a ladder was placed along the side. All assembling of pipes, ducts, bricks, mortar was done either at the shop or on the grounds in short lengths and manually lifted up to the necessary height ready for mounting. To lengthen or vertically extend the scaffold it was necessary to take apart and remove all material left on the scaffold and rebuild a new scaffold. I-Ieretofore, scaffolds often had to be built for particular work projects and rarely included anything but a separate lift arrangement. Once built, it was often difficult to extend the scaffold. Also, a, considerable amount of power was needed for lifting which often required special motors and Winches to be transported to the place where the work was being performed. Although many attempts have been made to provide a universal scaffold applicable on almost any kind of work project, none, as far as I am aware has ever been successful when carried out into actual practice.

It has now been discovered that a universal scaffold can be provided which can be used on almost any kind of work project.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a universal scaffold.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a scaffold which can be readily assembled and disassembled at the work site, and, can when disassembled readily fit into a small space such as the trunk of an ordinary passenger vehicle or the back of a station wagon.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a light scaffold which can nevertheless lift tremendous weights to great heights, with a small motor, a small drill, or a hand crank.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a lifting means which will lift a platform to a certain height which is the usual limit of this lifting means and then double and even triple or quadruple this lifting distance by reversing the mechanism.

The invention also contemplates a novel work-bench or pallet of light construction but of tremendous strength.

Furthermore, the invention also contemplates a novel pallet which can be expanded or telescoped to several times its original dimension.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention resides in the novel arrangement and combination of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed may be made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In its broadest aspects, the invention contemplates a scaffold frame having one or more load lifting members disposed therein. A rotary screw drive is longitudinally or vertically disposed in the frame with a traveling drive boss. The lifting member is coupled to the drive boss by a cord and pulley arrangement and is raised and lowered as the drive boss travels longitudinally. The verice tical travel of the lifting member can be extended by an additional traveling pulley in the cord and pulley arrangement which will travel along with the drive boss to one end of its travel path and stop means to hold the traveling pulley at said one end while the direction of travel of the drive boss is reversed. With one such traveling pulley, the vertical lifting distance is about doubled and with two such traveling pulleys, one on each side of the drive boss, the vertical lifting distance is about tripled. A special pallet is provided for sustaining a particularly heavy load on the lifting member.

The invention as well as other objects and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

FIGURE l is a top perspective view of the scaffold herein contemplated when fully assembled;

FIGURE 2 is a front end view of the scaffold shown in FIGURE l, but at a different time;

FIGURE 2a is a rear end view of the scaffold shown in FIGURE l, at still another time;

FIGURE 3 is a side View of the scaffold shown in FIGURE l at yet another time;

FIGURE 3a is a top view of the scaffold of FIGURE 3 along lines 15a-3a thereof;

FIGURE 4 shows a limited distance simple pulley arrangement used in connection with the scaffold shown in FIGURE l;

FIGURE 5 is a cross-sectional view along the lines 5 5 of FIGURE 2;

FIGURE 5a is a cross-sectional view along the lines Str- 5a of FIGURE 2;

FIGURE 5b is a cross-sectional view along the lines Sb-Sb of FIGURE 2;

FIGURE 6 is a cross-sectional view along the lines 6 6 of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 7a to 7g schematically depict the extending of the vertical travel of a load being raised or lowered by the complex pulley arrangement contemplated herein;

FIGURE 8 is a side view of a theoretical portion of the apparatus herein contemplated with the complex pulley arrangement schematically shown in FIGS. 7a to 7g;

FIGURE 8a is a longitudinal perspective view of the complex pulley arrangement shown schematically in FIGS. 7a to 7g and theoretically illustrated in FIGURE S;

FIGURE 8b is a sectional view along the lines Sb-Sb of FIGURE 8a;

FIGURE 9 is a longitudinal top view of the drive means of the scaffold shown in FIGURE l FIGURE l0 is a longitudinal side View of the drive means and the drive housing with a portion of the housing cut away to show detail;

FIGURE 11 is an .end view of the drive means along lines 11-11 of FIGURE 10;

FIGURE 12 is a cross-sectional view of the drive means along lines 12-12. of FIGURE 9;

FIGURE 13 is a top view of the drive means similar to the view shown in FIGURE 9 but at a different time period of operation;

FIGURE 13a shows the drive means depicted in FIG- URE 13 in the vertical position;

FIGURE 14 shows a top detailed view of an end portion of the drive means at an important time cycle during operation of the scaffold shown in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE l5 is a perspective View of one type of safety feature contemplated herein for the device shown in FIG URE 1;

FIGURE 16 is a frontal explanation of the safety feature shown in FIGURE 15 during normal safe travel;

FIGURE 17 is a frontal explanation similar to FIG- URE 16 but showing the safety feature in a position locked against downward fall should trouble develop in the apparatus;

FIGURE 18 is a perspective view of another type of safety feature contemplated herein for the device shown in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 19 is a frontal explanation of the safety feature shown in FIGURE 18 in the stop safe position;

FIGURE 20 is a frontal explanation similar to FIG- URE 19 but showing the safety feature during normal travel;

FIGURE 2l shows the device illustrated in FIGURE 1 unassembled and packed in its carrying box;

FIGURE 22 shows how the unassembled device is gradually assembled;

FIGURE 23 shows how the frame of a device shown in FIGURE 1 can be telescoped longitudinally;

FIGURE 24 shows the disposition of some of the components of the device illustrated in FIGURE 1 When the frame is telescoped;

FIGURE 25 depicts one of the telescoping lifting members;

FIGURE 26 illustrates how the lifting member shown in FIGURE 25 is telescoped;

FIGURE 27 is a cross-sectional view of the lifting member shown in FIGURE 25 along the lines 27-27 thereof;

FIGURE 28a depicts a cord clamp used in connection with the device shown in FIGURE l;

FIGURE 28b is a cross-sectional view of the wire clamp shown in FIGURE 28a along the lines 28b-28b thereof;

FIGURE 29 provides a bottom view of a pallet contemplated herein;

FIGURE 30 gives a side view of the pallet shown in FIGURE 29;

FIGURE 31 is an end view of the pallet shown in FIGURE 30;

FIGURE 32 is a cross-sectional view of the pallet shown in FIGURE 30 along the lines 3232 thereof; and,

FIGURE 33 is a perspective view of the telescoping of the pallet shown in FIGURE 29.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION The assemblable device 100 of the scaffold type shown in operation in FIGURE l and which will be herein described in greater detail, generally speaking has a frame defined by four vertical rail members 101, 102, 103 and 104. These rail members form front and rear tracks 105 and 106. Lifting is accomplished by a pair of lifting members 107 and 108 which are horizontally disposed in the frame and shown in FIGURE 4 without the frame. Each lifting member has two ends 109, 110, 111, 112 which can move vertically along the tracks. These lifting members are raised and lowered by means of a cable or cord and pulley arrangement, a simple version of which appears in FIGURE 4. The cord or cables 113, 114, 115 and 116 are coupled to the ends 109, 110, 111, 112 of the lifting members and, a longitudinal rotary screw drive means, i.e., drive assembly 117 moves the cords along the pulleys by means of a traveling drive boss 118. In the complex pulley arrangement herein contemplated and shown in FIGURES 8 and 8a two traveling pulley gangs 119 and 120 are disposed for free travel on both longitudinal sides of boss 118. Pulley stop means 121 and 122 are provided so as to stop the traveling pulley gangs at the longitudinal ends of the travel path of boss 118 along drive assembly 117. These stop means will retain the traveling pulleys at the longitudinal ends of the travel path, With only one traveling pulley gang, e.g., traveling pulley gang 119, the pulley cords can travel longitudinally about twice the length of the drive assembly and with two traveling pulley gangs 119 and 120, the distance that the cords can travel is about three times the length of the drive assembly. The direction of travel of drive boss 118 must be reversed each time a traveling pulley is stopped by one of the pulley stop means to increase the distance the cords can travel. To prevent the lifting means from dropping, especially with heavy loads, safety means are provided in the rail members 101, 102, 103, 104. Two different embodiments, 123 and 124 will be described herein and are shown in FIGURES 15 and 18. Safety switches are also provided in connection with the drive assembly. Although the drive assembly 117 is shown as being longitudinally disposed, it may of course be vertically disposed to cut down the length of the scaffold.

THE ASSEMBLED FRAME STRUCTURE The four rail members 101, 102, 103, 104 each have a lower element 125 and an upper element 126. The lower elements 125 have a central leg portion 127 a joint portion 128 at one end and a caster portion 129 at the other end. The casters on these lower elements may,

when desired, be fixed in position to prevent the scaffold from rolling. The joint portion 128 anges out and can receive the corresponding upper element which will then rest solidly on the lower element forming a single rail. The upper element likewise has a joint portion 128:1 at one end thereof since the rails are intended to be lengthened when required. Thus, the joint portion 128a of upper elements 126 can each in turn receive another upper element 126a to heighten the scaffold. Extending out at right angles to these rail member elements are ladder rungs 130 terminating in a ladder side 131. These ladder sides forming part of the rail member upper elements and attached to the lower element likewise cooperate in the formation of an extended rail in the fastening arrangement. The ladder rungs 130 extend out from the frame whereas the rail members 101, 102, 103, 104 face inwardly. The rail members are hollow with a longitudinal aperture therein designed to retain wheels, eg., wheel 135, see FIGURE l5, which is to travel along the rails. This wheel forms part of the end of one of the lifting members. As better shown in FIGURES 5 and 6, the rails are so constructed that there are two straight portions at right angles to each other and a curved portion designed to partially encircle wheel 135.

Ladder side 13161 of the upper element 126 will enter a similar flanged joint and be retained by a corresponding lower ladder side 13117 for lower element 126 as shown in FIGURE 5a. The lower ladder side 131b of the ladder will be retained by a simple wing nut arrangement 133 shown in FIGURES 5b and 22. The rail members are maintained in place by telescoping end cross members, e.g., cross members 136rz and 136]; shown at one end, and identical cross members 136e and 1360i at the other end of the frame. Similarly, there are lateral cross members 13751 and 13711. For some types of work, shorter lateral cross members 138a, 138b may be used. Additional structural components will be described with assembling the device.

THE LIMITED DISTANCE PULLEY ARRANGE- MENT (FIG. 4)

In this arrangement, the length of vertical travel of the lifting member 107 and 108 is limited by the longitudinal size of the frame, i.e., the distance between tracks 105 and 106 along which lifting members 107 and 108 are t0 travel. Although in this mode of operation the device has many uses, because of the advantage of the complex pulley arrangement later described in connection with extending the vertical travel distance, the device is preferably assembled with the complex pulley arrangement at the start of any project. Otherwise, to switch from one pulley arrangement to the other requires considerable disassembling of the scaffold. But, to better appreciate the complex pulley arrangement, an understanding of the simple pulley arrangement shown in FIG- URE 4 is advantageous.

Lifting members 107 and 108 are shown in FIGURE 4 without either the frame, rails, or end wheels, it being of course readily apparent that the pulleys shown in this figure are aixed to the frame just described. Lifting members 107 and 10S which travel along tracks 105 and 106 are moved by means of four cables or wire cords 113, 114, 115, 116. Each cord is fastened to one end, 109, 110, 111, 112, of the lifting means and from there goes to a drive boss 11S over the pulley arrangement next described. Drive boss 118 moves horizontally along one side of the frame by means later described in connection with the drive means. For convenience, the longitudinal side along which drive boss 11S moves is referred to as the one side or the near side, and the other side is called the other side or the far side. Drive boss 118 extends laterally from the near side only a few inches out towards the far side of the frame. There is however, for convenience in terminology a near and a far side or the one and the other side of the drive boss. As seen in previous FIGURE 2, the drive means can be driven by a motor M, located at one end of the frame. For convenience, this end is referred to as the front end and the other end as the rear end. Therefore, lifting member 107 is located at the front end of the frame and lifting member 108 is located at the rear end of the frame. The wire cords therefore extend from the far side front and rear ends and the near side front and rear ends to the drive boss. Looking irst at drive boss 11S near side, it is observed that cord 115 starts here, travels horizontally towards the rear end of the frame, goes around a lower vertical pulley 140 fastened to near rear rail member 103, changes its direction of travel 90 going vertically to the top of rail member 103 around upper pulley 141, changing its path 180 going down to the near end of rear lifting member S where it is firmly attached. Observing cord 113, this cord also starts at the near side of drive boss 11S, moves horizontally towards the rear, goes through vertical pulley 142 disposed alongside pulley 140 but reverses its travel 180 going to the front end around vertical pulley 143 disposed on front near rail member 101, up to the top of rail member 101, around front pulley 144 and down to the near end of front lifting member 107. Cord 116 starts from the far side of drive boss 118, travels horizontally towards the rear to lower horizontal pulley 145, changes its path of travel 90 to the horizontal, goes to the far end of the frame to the far rear vertical pulley 146, changes its path of travel 90 to the vertical, goes up to the top of far rear rail member 104, 180 around pulley 147 at the top thereof and down to the far end of lifting member 108. Cord 114 starts at the far side of drive boss 115, travels horizontally to the rear end of the frame to horizontal pulley 148, changing its direction 90, horizontally to the far rear end of the frame to horizontal pulley 149 again changing its direction by 90 to the far front vertical pulley 150, again changing directions 90 but this time to the top of far front rail member 114, around vertical pulley 151 changing its vertical travel 180 down to front lifting member 107. Assuming a longitudinal distance of seven feet between tracks 105 and 106, the lifting members can effectively lift seven feet by this pulley arrangement.

Summarizing therefore, in the limited distance pulley arrangement, when the drive boss is to travel longi tudina'lly, there are first horizontal and vertical lower pulleys adjacent one end rail on one track, additional vertical lower pulleys adjacent each of the other three end rails at about the same horizontal level as said rst lower pulleys, a second horizontal pulley adjacent the other end rail on this one track at about this same level, upper vertical pulleys towards the tops of said rail members, and four separate cords each extending from said drive boss to a different end of the lifting members traveling over these pulleys. When the drive boss is to travel vertically the pulleys are similarly disposed so as to direct the four cords to the four ends of the lifting members. Furthermore, all pulleys are idlers only. This reduces friction.

EXTENDING THE VERTICAL TRAVEL DISTANCE OF THE LOAD As previously pointed out, the vertical travel distance of the simple cord and pulley arrangement described and shown in FIGURE 4 is limited by the longitudinal distance that the drive boss will travel. However, there is shown in the drawing how a load which is at its highest point in FIGURE 7a is lowered in FIGURE 7b to a first level in FIGURE 7c by the drive traveling in one horizontal direction. The direction of travel of the drive is then reversed and `the drive travels back FIG- URE 7a to its starting point -in FIGURE 7e. The load however keeps going down. Again the drive .is reversed in FIGURE 71 and the load goes still lower in FIGURE 7g. In t-hi's arrangement, three fixed pulleys and two traveling pulleys are used. The drive is numbered er similar to drive boss 11S, the cord, 115er, simil-ar to cord 115, and the fixed pulleys are numbered 14051, 141a and 141:5, similar to the corresponding pulleys 140 and 141. The load tis numbered 108:1 since this is similar to lifting member 108. The arrangement includes a rear traveling pulley 119:1 and a front traveling pulley 120m. In the first ligure, the travelling pulleys are both held ,by stops at the front and rear 4and drive 118a has traveled horizontally the entire length of the device. As drive 11Scz moves towards rear traveling pulley 119m, the .load 10861 is lowered. Upon reaching traveling pulley 11911, the pulley is released from the stop and when the direction of travel of drive 11th is reversed and the drive travels towards the front end, traveling pulley 119i: moves right along with the drive extending the downward direction of travel of load 108g for about a second full length. When the drive now comes to traveling pulley 12.012, this pulley in turn is released from its stop. The direction of travel of the drive is again reversed as the drive 118e moves to wards ixed pulley 14011. The downward travel of the load 103e continues for about a third full length. The upward travel of load 108g is of course precisely the reverse of what has just been described.

The foregoing arrangement is applied to the present invention in the theoretical explanation given in FIG- URE 8. Here, the drive boss 118 is shown with one traveling pulley 11i/b to the rear and the other 120b to the front. Lower and upper rear near vertical pulleys 140 and 141 are also shown together with cord 115 going from the center yboss around pulleys 11911, 12012, 140 and 141 to lifting member 10S. This arrangement is then applied to all four cords in the concrete embodiment shown in FIGURES 8a and 8b. As will be subsequently explained, the drive boss 118 is designed to travel along a drive shaft. The drive -boss 113 has near and far boss axles 154 and 155 extending horizontally transverse to the path of travel of center boss 118. Cords 113 and 115 are fastened to the near boss axle. Cords 114 and 11e should be fastened to far boss axle 155, but to facilitate the understanding of the invent-ion, these cords are not shown in the view shown in FIGURE 8a. To the front and rear of drive boss 118 are rear traveling pulley gang 119 and front travel-ing pulley gang 120. Each gang consists of a cylindrical mount 119m and 120m and two sets of pulleys, 156, 1555i and 157, 157e fastened laterally to an axel on each mount. Each pulley set can hold two cords, e.g., 113 and 115. The cords 113 and 115 starting from boss axle 154 go rearward over and around rear pulley set 156, horizontally frontwards to front pulley set 157 around and over pulley 157 and again rearwards. Cords 114` and 116 which a-re not shown in FIGURE 8a are disposed similar to cords 113 and 115 around pulleys 15641 and 157a. As shown in FIGURE 8b, the boss 11S is threaded for travel along a drive shaft. Cylindrical mounts 119m and 120m are not threaded and are not coupled to the drive. They travel freely over the drive. Each pulley gang has stop means 121 and 122I which will be described in connection with the drive.

THE DRIVE Looking first at FIGURES 1, 3, 3a, and 4, the drive assembly 117 is shown extending longitudinally across one side of the scaffold. The key feature of drive assembly 117 is a thin threaded drive shaft 160, shown mounted on the scaffold in FIGURE 3a. Drive boss 118 is threadedly mounted on drive shaft 160 as shown in FIGURE 8b. As will readily appear from a study of FIGURE 8a and 8b, the turning of drive shaft 16@ with drive boss 118 mounted thereon acts like a nut on a screw. As the screw turns, if the nut is held in one orientation and the sorew position is fixed, the nut must travel along the screw.y The threaded drive shaft 161) shown mounted on the scaffold in FIGURE 3a is shown in a better and enlarged view in FIGURES 9 and 10 where the scaffold structure is omitted. The drive shaft 16@ is lodged in a drive housing 161, likewise extending longitudinally along one side, i.e., the near side of the scaffold. At the front and rear end of drive housing 161 are shaft housings 16261 and 16213. Shaft housings 162e and 162]?, hav-e lateral mounting ears 163:1 and 163b shown in FIGURE 11 depicting shaft housing 162a. These ears are for fastening the shaft housing to a base plate, front housing 162g being mounted on a front base plate 164a attached to the scaffold. There is also a rear base plate 16417 for rear shaft housing 16211. Lugs 165 serve as the fastening means. Coupled to the shaft housing are inner front and rear thrust bearings 16M and 166i). The drive shaft 160 is mounted for free rotation between these inner front and rear thrust bearings. On the outer side vof each shaft housing are outer front and rear thrust bearings 167a and 167b. The thrust bearings will act as a load absorber for drive Ishaft 160 and prevent buckling of the shaft when lifting a heavy load. Drive shaft 160 which is thus fixed in position between the front and rear shaft housings and the thrust bearings is turned by a gear drive which includes a worm gear 168, a driven pinion 169 and a coupling 170 for coupling the gear drive to the driven shaft by means of a coupling pin. Worm gear 168 in turn can be turned by either a removable hand crank 171 or a motor M including a motor coupling 172. As will be described later, worm gear 168 can likewise be driven by a hand drill and bit which will fit into the spot occupied hand crank 171. The orientation of the drive boss on the drive shaft is accomplished by means of drive rails 173 and 174. Again looking at FIGURES 8a and 9, it will be seen that drive housing 161 forms drive rails 173 and 174. Mounted on drive boss axles 15d and 155 are a pair of guide wheels 175. This drive boss guide wheels will be retained in the drive rails which have a hollow rectangular cross section. The orientation of the drive boss is therefore fixed by the boss axles and the guide wheels so that the drive shaft 161) will move the drive boss along the drive shaft by the screw drive action of the rotating drive shaft as the wheels roll along the rails. The direction of travel of the drive boss is determined by the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.

The traveling pulley gangs 119 and 120 likewise guide wheels, e.g., guide wheels 176 mounted on a `mount axle 177. Since the traveling pulleys 156, 156101, 157, 157a are also mounted on axles, e.g., pulley axle 178, additional guide wheels, eg., wheel 179 are also mounted on these pulley axles. It will be remembered however that the cylindrical mounts do not engage drive shaft 160 but travel over the drive shaft along rails 173 and 174.

Disposed on the two pulley axles between the pulley and the guide wheels are the pulley stop means 121 comprising a body portion 181 retained by the axels, a latch portion 182 extending out at an angle from the body portion like an inverted L, and a spring 183. The spring 183 urges the latch portion out so that it will engage the drive rail end 184. Once the latch portion has engaged end 1841 of the drive rail en-d 184 it will remain latched unless manually dislodged. But, as shown in FIG- URE 13, it can only be dislodged from the drive rail when the drive boss urges the traveling pulley gang towards the rail end. As shown in FIGURE 13 the operation schematically depicted in FIGURES 7a to 7g is accomplished by means of the complex pulley and the drive arrangement just described. With the pulleys as shown in FEGURE 8a and the drive boss towards pulley 148, the lifting members are at their lowest stage. Drive shaft 168 turns and the drive boss 118 travels away from pulley 140, the lifting members rise. Finally pulley stop means 12.1 and corresponding stop means 121m on the other side of gang 120 latch on to the en-d of the rails 173 and 174. Gang 120 stops and the rotation of motor M is reversed and the drive boss travels in the other direction where the stop means 122 and 122g on gang 119 will engage the other ends of rails 173 and 174. This will lift the lifting means to the second stage. By again reversing the motor, the lifting members are lifted to the third stage as the drive boss travels the length of the drive shaft. The drive assembly which is depicted as being horizontally disposed in FlG- URE l may also be vertically disposed in the scaffold as shown in FIGURE 13a.

SAFETY Since the scaffold is built to lift heavy loads, by the three stage operation just described, it is essential that there be no difficulty during the reversal 0f direction of the drive boss. Furthermore, the lifting members must be locked against free fall in the event that something unforseen should happen.

At both ends of the drive shaft is a trip switch 186 which is connectable to the motor circuit when a motor is used to turn the drive shaft. This trip switch can be so connected as to either stop or reverse the motor when tripped. In practice it is advisable to stop the motor and for the operator to manually control the entire motor operation with a hold switch. To lock the device against free fall, two different types of safety means are contemplated. The rst safety means 123 is illustrated in FIG- URES l5, 16 and 17 and also shown in FIGURE 2. This first safety means generally comprises a first truncated right triangular member 186 with a straight wing, a second truncated right triangular member 187 with a curved wing, both first and second members being joined at the acute angle, the members being so fixed that the wings will fit in one end rail member 101 as shown in FIGURE 15. The thickness of the wings may increase very slightly from top to bottom. As shown in FIGURE 16, as long as the wheel of the lifting member is moving upwards and is free of the safety, the wheel can travel. However, should the wheel fall, it will fall into the safety between the wings and wedge the wings against the rail as shown in FIGURE 17. The `diameter of the wheel and the disposition of the wings is such that the wheel cannot get past the wings 186 and 187. One of the truncated triangular members, eg., 186 has an overlapping tongue 188 which overlaps to some extent over the joint of the two members and the other member has a rounded joint portion 189 disposed under the tongue. The members are joined by a pin so that the wings can swing to and away from the sides of the rail in a scissor movement. Advantageously a spring can be inserted between the wings to tend to keep them against the rail inner sides. A pull on the round joint portion 189 will act on the tongue 188 forcing the wings against the inner sides of the rail, as shown in FIGURE 16. As long as the wheel 135 of the lifting member is lmoving upwards or as long as the wings are manually kept scissored outwards against the rail inner side, wheel 135 can move. However, should the wheel drop, it will enter the safety means and here, it cannot possibly get past the joint of 

1. A SCAFFOLD, COMPRISING IN COMBINATION, FOUR VERTICAL RAIL MEMBERS FORMING FRONT AND REAR TRACKS DEFINING THE ENDS OF A RECTANGULAR FRAME; A PAIR OF HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED LIFTING MEMBERS EACH WITH THE ENDS THEREOF DESIGNED TO MOVE VERTICALLY ALONG THE TRACKS; LONGITUDINAL ROTARY SCREW DRIVE MEANS INCLUDING A LONGITUDINAL SCREW DRIVE SHAFT EXTENDING HORIZONTALLY ALONG THE ONE SIDE OF SAID FRAME, A DRIVE BOSS BEING THREADEDLY MOUNTED THEREON, THE TRAVELING OF SAID DRIVE BOSS BEING ACCOMPLISHED BY TURNING OF SAID SHAFT, TURNING MEANS TO TURN SAID SHAFT AND, A CORD AND PULLEY ARRANGEMENT, THE CORDS OF WHICH ARE COUPLED TO THE ENDS OF THE LIFTING MEMBERS AND TO SAID TRAVELING DRIVE BOSS, SAID CORD AND PULLEY ARRANGEMENT INCLUDING FIRST HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LOWER PULLEYS AD- 